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Subscribe Introduction A human brain sits in a lab in New Haven, Connecticut. It came from a donor who died with Alzheimer’s disease. The donor is dead. Yet the brain is not. Not entirely. Right now, a machine pumps synthetic blood through its vascular network. This is brain perfusion drug testing, and it looks nothing […]

Artificial metabolism turns CO₂ into useful chemicals, showing how cell-free biology could transform carbon waste into bioplastics, medicines, and more.

The biologics patent cliff is starting to reshape the pharmaceutical industry as a wave of blockbuster biologics moves toward patent expiration. By 2034, 118 biologics are expected to lose protection, creating the potential for more than $230 billion in biosimilar savings. But this is not a smooth transition. Only a small share of these drugs currently has biosimilars in development, and even when lower cost alternatives arrive, patients may not see the benefit right away. Patent thickets, formulary battles, and other market gatekeepers can block or delay competition. What looks simple on the surface is really a larger story about pricing power, competition, and the future of drug innovation.

From peacock tails to human nature. Sexual selection explains how choice, attraction, and desire have sculpted bodies, minds, and behavior.

Subscribe I. Introduction: Why the next great leap in AI won’t be a faster chip, but a living one. Imagine walking into a data center that doesn’t hum with the roar of cooling fans or radiate the blistering heat of overclocked GPUs. Instead, the room is silent, bathed in a soft, amber glow, and smells

How acupuncture works is still debated. Traditional medicine speaks of qi and meridians. This post explores spinal gating, brain networks, and context effects.

Introduction How this post came about The idea for this Bleeding Edge Biology series came from a personal experience. A family member has a chronic condition that has resisted treatment, and they are now looking to acupuncture for relief. Does acupuncture work? Watching someone you care about cycle through options changes this from an abstract

Organismal biology and ecology have primarily been defined by what scientists could observe from the outside. Researchers mapped migration routes, measured metabolic rates, and sequenced genomes with clinical precision. Yet, the field remained locked out of the internal lives of its subjects. Animal behavior was often treated as reactive instinct rather than intentional choice. That

Why the personalized mRNA cancer vaccine suddenly matters The phrase personalized mRNA cancer vaccine sounds like sci fi. Like nuclear fusion, it seems like a promise that will always live a few years away from reality. For decades, cancer vaccines have cycled through hope and disappointment. While the idea stayed attractive, the results remained stubborn.